Geriatric dogs are prone to a number of health-related problems with osteoarthritis being one of the most common. Osteoarthritis is a debilitating condition that causes chronic pain and occurs when there is a loss of cartilage which covers and protects the ends of bones within a joint. Cartilage is important as it provides a cushion between the bones and allows the bones to move smoothly. When cartilage becomes damaged, it leaves the bone exposed which causes pain and inflammation. This damage can be the result of normal wear and tear on a joint, but it can also be secondary to a congenital problem or injury. Conditions such as hip dysplasia, patella luxations, anterior cruciate ruptures, or traumatic injuries can all cause osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis in geriatric dogs is usually a gradual process and the signs may be subtle in the beginning, but as the condition progresses the following signs may be noticed:

• Stiffness
• Trouble getting up (especially after resting)
• Altered gait
• Lameness
• Hesitant to climb stairs/jump onto furniture or into car
• Muscle atrophy
• Crepitus (popping/cracking sounds in a joint)
• Decreased appetite
• Pain when joints are manipulated

If you suspect your dog is suffering from osteoarthritis an examination by your veterinarian is important. Osteoarthritis can be diagnosed based on your dog’s physical exam and medical history. Radiographs of the affected joints will be necessary to definitively diagnose and determine the extent of the arthritis.

There are different treatment options available that can be used to manage the pain and inflammation associated with arthritis, as well as stimulate the repair of damaged cartilage.

Weight management: Increased weight puts unnecessary strain on the joints making arthritis worse. If your dog is overweight, talk with your veterinarian about the best way to implement a weight loss program.

Exercise: Low impact exercise is important because it increases muscle mass and helps maintain joint mobility. Leash walking and/or swimming are both low impact exercises that are beneficial.

Nutraceuticals: Supplements that reduce pain and inflammation associated with arthritis by providing essential substances that help support a healthy joint. These supplements contain Glucosamine, Chondroitin, MSM and are available in a variety of products.

Polysulfated glycosaminoglycans: Adequan is an injectable medication that is used to treat osteoarthritis. It actually helps repair damaged cartilage, decreases inflammation, and slows the progression of the disease.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Rimadyl, Deramaxx, Previcox, and Metacam are examples of NSAIDs that are routinely used in veterinary medicine. They help control pain and inflammation associated with arthritis. NSAIDs can cause side effects so your veterinarian will need to monitor your dog closely while taking these drugs.

Miscellaneous Drugs: There are a number of other drugs available to help control pain. Tramadol and Gabapentin can be combined with NSAIDs to give additional pain relief or can be used alone in dogs unable to take NSAIDs.

Alternative Therapies: Physical rehabilitation, acupuncture and massage therapy are available and helpful in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis is a progressive disease that affects many geriatric dogs causing chronic pain and inflammation. Recognizing the signs of osteoarthritis and starting a comprehensive treatment plan will improve your dog’s quality of life. Proper treatment will ease pain making your dog more comfortable and happy.